wiki:install_oracle_10g_on_the_headless

There're many articles that described how to install Oracle on the Linux, so this article is a work log. I wrote it because I met several problems, one of them is I can't create the DB via dbca. I installed Oracle on the real box and the virtual box more than 3 times to find out where's wrong, but I got nothing. So I have no choice except to create the DB manually.

My real server is headless which runs Ubuntu 7.0.4 server. And I want to install the oracle remotely, so ssh + x11-forward is the best choice.

Install software

0. software

 oracle 10g for linux
 ubuntu server 7.0.4
 xming
 putty

1. Update ubuntu

 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get upgrade

2. install the development environment and libraries

 sudo apt-get install build-essential
 sudo apt-get install xauth libxp6 libxt6 libxtst6
 sudo apt-get install libaio1

 sudo apt-get install libstdc++5

The whole x-windows is not necessary, some articles said that we should install the x-windows and WM, it's probably not a good idea to install these software only for installing another software. Note: xauth makes x11-forward work, libaio1 makes sqlplus work, libstdc++5 makes liborasdkbase.so.10.2 work(ubuntu 8.04.1).

3. add user oracle and group dba

 sudo groupadd dba
 sudo useradd -m -g dba oracle
 sudo passwd oracle
 su - oracle
 cat > .bash_profile << EOF
 export ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/product/10.2.0
 export ORACLE_SID=orcl
 export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
 EOF
 exit

4. set the system parameters

 sudo cat > /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
 kernel.shmmax = 3147483648
 kernel.shmmni = 4096
 kernel.shmall = 2097152
 kernel.sem    = 250 32000 100 128
 fs.file-max = 65536
 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
 EOF 
 sudo sysctl -p
 sudo cat > /etc/security/limits.conf << EOF
 oracle soft nofile 65536
 oracle hard nofile 65536
 oracle soft nproc 16384
 oracle hard nproc 16384
 EOF

5. upload the oracle 10g to the server and unpack.

6. configure the putty to enable x11-forward. The next lines should be uncommented in /etc/ssh/sshd_config:

 X11Forwarding yes
 X11DisplayOffset 10

7. connect the server, the environment variable DISPLAY shoule be set

 DISPLAY=localhost:10.0

8. run installer

 su - oracle
 $ /where_oracle_media/runInstaller

choice custom install, not create DB. Maybe there's an error: libagtsh.so: undefined reference to 'nnfyboot', run the next commands:

 export ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/product
 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
 sudo ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename
 sudo ln -s $ORACLE_HOME/lib/libclient10.a $ORACLE_HOME/lib/libagtsh.a
 sudo $ORACLE_HOME/bin/genagtsh $ORACLE_HOME/lib/libagtsh.so 1.0

9. create the startup file of oracle

 sudo cat > /etc/init.d/oracle << EOF
 # startup of oracle 10.2.0
 ORA_OWNR=oracle
 ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/product
 case "$1" in
    start)
	# Oracle listener and instance startup
	echo -n "Starting Oracle: "
	su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
	su - $ORA_OWNR -c $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart
	;;
    stop)
	# Oracle listener and instance shutdown
	echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: "
	su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
	su - $ORA_OWNR -c $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut
	;;
    reload|restart)
	$0 stop
	$0 start
	;;
    *)
	echo "Usage: `basename $0` start|stop|restart|reload"
	exit 1
  esac
  exit 0
  EOF
  sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/oracle
  sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc3.d/S99oracle
  sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc1.d/K09oracle
  sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0.d/K09oracle

Create DB

1. become user oracle

 su - oracle
 mkdir oradata/orcl

2. make a copy of init.ora in $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

 cp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorcl.ora
 vi $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorcl.ora

change db_name to oracle_sid such as orcl
change shared_pool_size to 64M
change control_files to the absolute path such as /home/oracle/oractl/control1, two files at least
add the next line:

 undo_management=auto

3. run sql script to create DB

 # connect SYS/change_on_install as SYSDBA
 connect SYS/admin as SYSDBA
 set echo on
 spool CreateDB.log
 startup nomount pfile="/home/oracle/product/dbs/initorcl.ora"
 CREATE DATABASE orcl
    USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY admin
    USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY admin
    LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/home/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01a.log') SIZE 10M,
	GROUP 2 ('/home/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02a.log') SIZE 10M,
		GROUP 3 ('/home/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03a.log') SIZE 10M
    MAXINSTANCES 1
    MAXLOGFILES 5
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
    MAXLOGHISTORY 3276
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    MAXLOGHISTORY 1
    CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
    NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
    DATAFILE '/home/oracle/oradata/orcl/system_01.dbf' 
	SIZE 512M REUSE 
	AUTOEXTEND ON 
	NEXT 10240K 
	MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
	EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
    SYSAUX DATAFILE '/home/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux_01.dbf' 
	SIZE 120M REUSE 
	AUTOEXTEND OFF
    DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp
    TEMPFILE '/home/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp_01.dbf' 
	SIZE 512M REUSE 
	AUTOEXTEND OFF
    DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
    DATAFILE '/home/oracle/oradata/orcl/users_01.dbf' 
	SIZE 64M REUSE 
	AUTOEXTEND OFF
	EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
	SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO
    UNDO TABLESPACE undo 
    DATAFILE '/home/oracle/oradata/orcl/undo_01.dbf' 
	SIZE 1024M REUSE 
	AUTOEXTEND ON
	NEXT 5120K
	MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
  spool off
  exit;

4. initialize DB

  connect SYS/admin as SYSDBA
  @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
  @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
  exit

5. create a test user

  connect SYS/admin as SYSDBA
  CREATE USER ora IDENTIFIED BY pwd DEFAULT TABLESPACE users TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp;
  GRANT CONNECT, RESOURCE TO ora;
  CONNECT ora/pwd
  CREATE TABLE test(name varchar(32));
  INSERT INTO test VALUES('ora');
  SELECT * FROM test;
  exit;

Finished!